That's fracking. I didn't know until I looked that there is an
in situ method using heat instead of water.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shale_oil_extraction
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Shale oil extraction is usually performed above ground (ex situ processing) by mining the oil shale and then treating it in processing facilities. Other modern technologies perform the processing underground (on-site or in situ processing) by applying heat and extracting the oil via oil wells.
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