FLOW-IMAGES ( brain food - various wind tunnel, tuft testing, smoke trace images)
 

I'll start the text portion of this thread and then hopefully,Al can help get all the images up.
Night before last I got the slide digitizer going and captured some images,then I pulled the SD card,stuck it in the camera and shot for three hours this morning,photographing photographs.
It's just a hogde-podge of images,some hydrodynamic,most aerodynamic.
Sources are listed in my seminars.
Some shots are two-dimensional flow from FLUIDs,most three-dimensional,done in a water or wind tunnel.
You'll see the "golf-ball" phenomena,with water and smoke as boundary layer transitions.
You'll see some good separation images as with the wing going into stall.
Many of the cars will display flows which do not appear to lay close to the body surface,indicating separated flow,and an underlying region of vorticity.
The Volkswagen AG shots will show Hucho's Optimization of details to achieve attached flow with subtle softening of leading edges.
Some of the wake shots will help to visualize the wake drag.
Three of Dr. Kamm's cars are shown.I believe the light shaded car with tufts to be the K-5 car which achieved Cd0.23.The color photograph is of K-3 from Landsberg Castle,the only surviving car of Kamm's five.
The EV-1 was of special interest.I have only the one image which I interpret to display clearly separated flow at the rear.
If we can get the images up,and anyone has question for when I return,Try and isolate the particular image from the rest so we can single it out for discussion.
Also,you might want to compare some of the images to MetroMPG's Permanent Metro Kammback or the Aerodynamic Streamlining Template to see if there is any trend with the cars with fully attached flow.
This will be my last post for maybe 3-weeks as I work to pull the trailer together and test her.Happy holidays!

Photo Galley-1
 

Here are 1st 10

Photo Gallery-2
 

more pics

Photo Gallery-3
 

more pics( clock is running out,not enough left to photoshop rest,will have to wait 'til after holidays,sorry!)

Looking forward to the rest of the pics, aerohead!

Thanks Phil! Is the EV1 image coming, or do we need to wait 3 weeks? :)

Happy holidays to you too. Good luck with the trailer, and thanks for all the brain food.

minutes away?
 

I'm here at Copy Pro,I've got EV-1 and a slew of other images in the camera waiting on Al to finish his "real work".
I also got some shots this morning of the Trailer ala monochromatic for first time and I'll try and get those added at that thread.
Much to do,but this is important too and I'm going to take some risks on my trip,so posting this stuff is timely,just in case of something goes south on the road.

Photo-Gallery-4
 

more pics:

Photo Gallery-5
 

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Photo Gallery-6
 

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Photo Gallery-7
 

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Photo Gallery-8
 

More more

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more more even

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even more:

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even even more

What is the (approximate) Cd of the "bean" model in in photo 44 (in the first group of 5 galleries)? That arch is sure ugly, and it is counterintuitive. It seems like they were trying to raise the vehicle to let the air flow more freely under the car, but then still trying to "fair" the wheels...

NeilBlanchard -

Here it is :

Would you Drive a Smart if ...
I would make the argument that the Pininfarina is a 4-wheeled Aptera Sedan (which complements what you wrote).

CarloSW2

Thanks for that -- so a Cd of 0.20 is not as good as the the various GM and Ford cars that are of a similar size. And it's fugly...

NeilBlanchard -

Yeah, the banana car has stuck in my mind forever. That carstyling.ru site is FANTASTIC (Frank found it). My favorite part of the car magazines has always been the concept car pages, and the Russian site is like a smörgåsbord of just that.

CarloSW2

If you need anything screwed up,I'm the guy!
 

Darin,man I'm really sorry! I did another session with the photos,and EV-1 was supposed to the the first one out of the shoot.
Al says he can do it today.I've been focused on the Viking and deadlines and my thinking is in another universe.Hang on!

fugly
 

Neil,the thing for me,is that it's 1979.This was a big deal.Dr.Morrelli used pure science to create the car.
The crushed-Omega design offers zero-lift,something Hermie appears to be obsessed with,and without the addition of the ubiquitous stabilizing dorsal fin of past times.
The car also had to respect many legal limitations for bumper height,pedestrian safety,headlight height,license plates,etc.
This car remains the benchmark for cooling system low drag.
The car was "producible" which cannot be said for many concepts and does not rely on active suspension for it's low numbers.
I consider many contemporary low drag concepts to be "rip-offs" of Dr.M's designs.

The Morelli car is fantastic. The only sad thing about it from an ecomodder's perspective is it's practically impossible for a DIY aero enthusiast to use duct tape and cardboard on our existing cars and end up with anything remotely close to that shape!

Photo Gallery-12 ( GM EV-1 under smoke )
 

I apologize for delay on this one,as at Cd 0.188 the EV-1 has generated a great deal of interest at the Aero Forum.
My interpretation of the photo,is that the car does suffer flow separation over the backlight and boot,as the smoke overides the structure and initiation of turbulence is evident with the swirling smoke trace.
In GM's defense,from previous articles it has been reported that GM has very stringent and rigid internal standards for outward visibility for the driver which may have precluded the use of a more gentle angle at the rear.
Aerodynamically,the tip off would be the metric of the car at Ft.Stockton,setting the LSR,where the "Yellow Ferret" aluminum boat tail cone is used with an included exit angle of 9-degrees,which when measured from tip to roofline,gives the back of the car a 15-degree angle,oddly,not as radical as the Mair' 22-degree aggressor.

Do you have any pictures of the EV1 boat tail?

I'd be satisfied with a scetch on a napkin :)

http://www.getmsm.com/ev/EV1/2003_0726_122045AA.JPG

You can break out a napkin and DIY...

Look kinda like an Insight...

tail
 

Tygen1,I've got two shots of the tail plus a video of its install and the record runs at Ft.Stockton.
The picture we need to look at I have made a digital image of,will enlarge,cut out,and place on a neutral gray background.
The photographer used some crazy "dramatic" effect with this shot and it makes it very difficult to "see" the car.
Christ has this photo and posted it at a different thread,but I don't remember where.Sorry.
I'll do this image but can't say when.
What I can tell you is that the tail's descending angle,measured from the horizon,is 9-degrees ( one degree less than what Dr. Kamm recommended ).The sides of the cone basically follow the angle established by the cars boattailed flanks ( an overhead view of a blue EV-1 is in the "IMAGES" somewhere )
When the tail is on the EV-1,the angle,measured from the end of the tail,up to top of the roof creates a 15-degree angle.
Hope that helps get you off dead center.

Heres' the only two imgages I could find...

same-same
 

Those are the two that I have.The side shot is close to a "true-length" image,as you would get with a blueprint of the car.
Any measurements and angles from it should reflect very closely what the car embodies.
With that,and the overhead view from the FLOW-IMAGES Gallery you should be able to do a pretty complete reconstruction.

http://thejaffes.org/rory/ev1/ev1side.jpg
http://ecomodder.com/forum/member-th...nsions-gra.gif
Maybe this helps.

I think Phil got it.

A good aero downsloped window (say 10-12 degrees below hoizontal) may hold flow but you just can't see out of them. That was thebig beef with "fastback" cars in the 1960s - people simply couldn't see out of them.

Until we get legal all-round CCTV, we may be at the aerodynamic wall for extreme vehicles.

Cctv
 

With the aerospace community embracing all the fly-by-wire and electronic cockpits,etc.,hopefully it will be sooner than later.
Certainly,there's got to be a point where things are robust enough and failure-proof enough to allow the leap.
It's kind of a technology bottleneck.

bean
 

Wow Neil,sorry! Today I'm just now catching your question.
The CNR 'banana' car started as a scale model in 1976.In ground proximity with a 'full' tail' the body scored Cd 0.16.
When they chopped the tail off to the length of the 1978 full-scale model,the Cd increased to only Cd 0.161.
In 1978,when they added wheels to the body,the Cd jumped to 0.35!
Morelli worked to fair the tire/wheel assembly,finally getting the Cd of the full-scale mockup back down to around 0.201,with cooling system,features drag,mirrors,wipers.
The arched,crushed-Omega,high rear,reflex-camber body is a strategy for high crosswind stability and is similar to a von Mises wing section.
In comparison to the 1980 VW 2000 concept,with production-ready Cd 0.25,the 'banana' has some advantages and I think this is why Aptera leaned towards it.
Sorry for the late response.