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The most significant difference between this 1930's engine and a modern smaller diesel engine is the compression ratio. This older engine only had a compression ratio of 14.5:1. Modern diesel engines run a compression ratio of 18:1 to 24:1. The use of the higher compression ratio exacerbates the problem of heat transfer to the walls of the cylinder due to the increase in TDC air temperature.
I have found and posted a scientific and thorough study by a well respected group in regards to the direct correlation of IAT and the efficiency of a diesel. If you can find a more recent study by an equally acclaimed/accredited group using a more modern engine that refutes the results of the report I posted, I would love to read it. All information I can find indicates that the effect of air temperature dwarf all the other variable's effects.
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