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The way I understand it, the lean burn pushes the AFR to the limit of detonation, which is caused by some part of the engine inside the combustion chamber getting too hot obviously. The water injection helps cool the internals to prevent detonation. A friend of mine was running a turbo kit on a stock 1.5L sohc civic engine at 15 psi, he got away with it because he ran water injection. For over 2 years it survived, but one day he forgot to fill the water injection and popped the head gasket. Surprisingly everything else was ok and actually very clean inside, no carbon buildup on anything. Something to do with the quenching effect doesn't let the carbon build up. The only danger is having the water inj. system improperly setup and having it hydrolock the engine.
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