There are multiple factors.
- Winterizing diesel additives lead to less mpg.
- Even with the block it takes some time for the engine to warm up.
- Rolling resistance is indeed higher as winter tires are only rated at 32 psi. Snow can add to that friction when present on the road.
- Coolant temp is a big factor in the determination of timing in the TDI so that might play significant role too.
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