We have plenty of them on the road right now. Turbochargers effectively emulate that situation. More compression ~= more boost, though the equivalence is far from exact and the relationship is likely not even linear. In older turbocharged motors, you can see that the engineers who designed them traded off lower compression for more boost, or higher compression for less boost. (The higher compression means better off-boost performance, generally.)
Think of your average Camry (AKA overweight modern "mid size car") being propelled by a 1.3 liter motor, but with the ability to have the same sort of power that the better four-cylinder Camrys make right now. Sounds like a reasonable recipe for good mileage, yes?
-soD
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