airflow volume based on a standard measurement of O2 on average. They don't actually measure O2 except as a comparison of intake volume to exhaust content, to help determine whether or not the engine is running efficiently.
The other option is a formula which determines approx airflow based on pressure behind the throttle body and known volumetric efficiency of the engine.
The former is MAF, the latter is MAP.
The O2 sensor has far less control over the fuel curve than most people give it credit for.
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