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Well, technically speaking, since a carburetor setup is manipulated through a system of jets, vacuum, and manual tuning, it's far more primitive. Fuel injection systems nowadays can be more efficient because the actual amount of fuel can be changed at intervals, rpms, speed, and tons of other variables depending on the ECU. not to mention lots of different injectors can even change the pulses of opening/constant/not constant. So fuel injection is a FAR more efficient system when it comes to making power AND burning fuel. This isn't counting the other variables that go in, such as air flow measurement, air to fuel mixture it can calculate.... all of which carburetor setups are unable to do since the only variables there are jetting, air/fuel mixture, vacuum, and balancing the carbs, which is a static variable except for wear and tear and re-tuning later most the time.
You can spend tons of money on performance carbs though. But stock for stock, fuel injection for the win. This is why a lot of people move over to aftermarket fuel injection systems on some performance vehicles. One such example is old european cars with "CIS" which is a BOSCH Design where it was mechanical fuel injection, and ran off of vacuum and really primitive sensors and vacuum measurement. A lot of people junk that setup and move over to a system called "MEGASQUIRT" which is a Do it Yourself type project where you essentially BUILD a fuel injection system based off of EFI which makes more power, easier to tune, more efficient, better mileage, less weight, yadda yadda....
There's also other variables on HOW it injects it. Since carb mixes everything before it hits the combustion chamber.... fuel injection can also do things such as injecting it before the valves, some injection setups are a direct injection into the combustion chamber itself (VERY efficient, but not seen on many setups). So pick your variables, your budget....
A megasquirt system can be had for about $500 if you're willing to weld, do the legwork, have a laptop, and love tinkering....
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