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All motors need to have some kind of polarity switching, some of them do this with brushes, some do it by drawing A/C, of course some A/C motors also have brushes that run on a commutator instead of an armature, if I remember correctly a commutator is solid and an armature is segmented.
If I understand it correctly a brush less 3 phase motor is your best choice for effecintcy because of their overlapping windings, their lack of high resistance brushes and their high power to weight ratio.
as far as metal for wire in the windings go, copper is strong, cheap-ish and holds up well, silver would be nice and if you want to wind a motor with sliver wire, go for it.
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