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...that's the reason for the "old" MILITARY AVGAS method of rating high-octane with two numbers; the first was the "lean" (max. economy) octane number while the second was the "rich" (max. power) octane number, for instance: 115/145 AVGAS.
...of course, that was when pilots (not computers) adjusted throttle settings and carburetor "richness" to compensate for altitude, cruising or high speed.
...and, many aircraft engines also used water-injection to lessen engine detonation during METO power situations (like war!) and over-loaded take off during hot weather.
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