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...some dated, but still very relevant, SAE articles worth reading:
SAE 690018, "Inlet Manifold Water Injection for Control of Nitrogen Oxides - Theory and Experiment," by J. E. Nicholls, I. A. El-Messiri, and H. K. Newhall, Dept. of Mechanical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1969.
SAE 700081, "Spark Plug Design Factors and Their Effect on Engine Performance," by R. J. Craver, R. S. Podiak, and R. D. Miller, Champion Spark Plug Co., 1970.
SAE 700532, "Milage Marathon from 50 to 244 mpg," by D. C. Carlson and H. D. Millay, Wood River Research Laboratory, Shell Oil Co., 1969.
SAE 710832, "Effect of Compression Ratio, Mixture Strength, Spark Timing, and Coolant Temperature Upon Exhause Emissions and Power," by R. C. Lee, Phillips Petroleum Co., 1971.
SAE 710835, "Effect of Engine Intake-Air Humidity, Temperature, and Pressue on Exhaust Emissions," by S. R. Krause, Ethyl Corpoation, 1971.
...also, try contacting Champion Spark Plugs and ask them about the "real" relationships and effects of gapping, compression ratio, and A/F-ratios.
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