[NeilBlanchard]

Some EV's have gearboxes and some do not. Many EV motors will last up to 1 million miles. The newest wind turbines are direct drive, and sure they have bearings that probably have to be lubricated. They could be lubricated with synthetics? They do not consume any fuel, which is obviously *much* higher quantities.

That reminds me -- all ICE's should have to amortize the oil changes, and the manufacture of filters, etc. that are used as part of their regular maintenance. So, there is more carbon in their footprint.

Matt -- I'm sorry, but we have all taken oil for granted, and we may forget all the effort that goes into it. It is an amazingly dense energy fuel (something like 63 sticks of dynamite per gallon?), but the BTU conversion is 33.4-34kWh per gallon.

All the steps I listed I was well aware of, long before Robert Llewellyn's video. Give me some credit, okay? I've been following renewable energy and efficiency and sustainable living since the 1970's.

All those steps take energy to accomplish, and without them we have no gasoline; or no electricity.

The source to wheels equations for oil and for electricity have to take into account each and every energy input. And when electricity and natural gas and petroleum fuels are used as part of the process to produce gasoline or electricity, then they must be included in the carbon footprint.