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The Crower 6-stroke engine has one way to add work from the excess heat. With about 80 of the energy going into waste heat; there is significant amount of heat. Even at the theoretical maximum of ~54% efficiency, there is still a very significant amount of heat wasted.
Steam could power a generator, or be used directly like in the Crower, to spin the engine. Heat can be used (though not particularly efficiently) to directly make electricity. So, it seems the most likely ways to get the efficiency above the theoretical limit is to use the otherwise wasted heat to make steam and/or make a hybrid with an electric drive.
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