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tangomar -

Here is the conclusion from the thesis :

DESIGN AND APPLICATIONS OF HYDROXY (HHO) SYSTEM
http://library.cu.edu.tr/tezler/7998.pdf

6. CONCLUSION

The results of this experimental study are summarized as follows:

1. At mid and higher engine speeds, the HHO system with diesel fuel and gasoline yields higher engine torque output compared to pure diesel and gasoline fueled engine operation unless Hydroxy Electronic Control Unit (HECU) is added to the system. High burning velocity and low ignition energy of HHO-air mixture minimize the effect of the weakened in-cylinder charge flow and increased residual gas fraction which block the fuel to be fast and completely burnt at high speeds. Also, high burning velocity of HHO yields higher resistance against knocking which provides higher compression ratio (CR) and increased thermal efficiency. However, increased CR may cause pre-ignition and this can be minimized by direct HHO injection into the cylinder. At low engine speeds, low lean-flammability limits of HHO causes challenges at higher equivalence ratios. Due to the long opening time of intake manifold at low speeds, high volume occupation (reduced volumetric efficiency) of HHO becomes inevitable. Since minimum ignition energy of HHO-air mixture is a decreasing function of equivalence ratio till stoichiometric (richer) conditions, torque is reduced after HHO addition. A control unit has to be used to obtain appropriate electrolysis voltage and current (gas flow rate) to terminate the impairments of HHO gas at low speeds.

2. Uniform and improved mixing of HHO-air and oxygen content of HHO stimulate combustion which has a major effect on SFC by using an adequate capacity HHO system. Wide flammability range, high flame speed and short quenching distance of HHO yield gasoline and diesel fuel to be combusted completely under high speed conditions without HECU and low speed conditions with HECU.

3. High burning velocity, wide flammability range, oxygen content and absence of carbon make HHO gas an appropriate fuel addition to obtain adequate combustion which yield reputable reduction of HC and CO emissions when a sufficient HHO system is used at mid and higher speeds of engine without HECU and low speed conditions with HECU.

4. A control unit, which decreases electrolysis voltage and current automatically when the engine speed decreases under 1750 rpm for Compression-Ignition (CI) and 2500 rpm for Spark-Ignition (SI) (critical speeds for this experimental study), has to be designed and manufactured to eliminate the impairments of HHO enriched diesel fuel combustion at low speeds and to provide energy economy.

5. The average power increment in test engines during experiments is bigger than the electrical power consumed and fuel economy obtained with the aid of HHO system as well. This indicates that the system is efficient.

CarloSW2