Some cars have an exhaust temperature sensor, though the driver may not even know about it since the data is used for emissions controls. For example, PSA's HDi turbodiesels have an EGT if they are fitted with a DPF (FAP), and it is possible to hack into the signal.
Here's someone who did just that:
FAP Sensor Regeneration & Turbo temperature - exhaust gas temperature monitoring.
According to that page, the 1.6HDi turbodiesel's EGT is 200°C-400°C (392°-752°F) during normal operation, and 400°C-600°C (752°-1112°F) when regenerating the DPF.
EDIT: The EGT sensor is in the DPF can, after the turbo and cat.
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e·co·mod·ding: the art of turning vehicles into what they should be
What matters is
where you're going, not
how fast.
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