...air dams or flaps in front of the tires are also called "spats" and they act like an air "diverter" to "part" the air before it makes contact with the tire and also to direct the air around the tire.
...behind the tires they're variously called flaps, fairings, etc., and they act like a tail-fin to smooth the airs' convergance back to normal pressure and movement behind the tire (a smooth "wake").
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