The Bonneville racers are all about this sort of thing... IIRC I saw mention of it in a Hot Rod magazine aero article. There is a sweet spot for how flush the wheels should be from the bodywork... how do we find it? No wind tunnel for most of us; perhaps a yarn tuft test could reveal something but I'm not sure about that as right behind the wheels is a turbulent zone at best anyway. Perhaps there is an article about it and the information it has can be transferred over to your particular car.
I noticed the early 1L prototype had convex rather than flat wheel covers that stuck out a bit more than I would have expected; you can be sure those were fully vetted by the VW aero team.
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