Having had several one-wheel-drive go karts and such, and knowing King Midgets were also 1WD, my experience is that there may be a slightly noticeable effect upon "hard" (they had low power) acceleration; it was negligible and I'd do a 1WD vehicle again.
However, I've not ridden a bicycle powered by a trailer so that's why I asked. My intuition says the effect is probably noticeable yet manageable or even ignorable.
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