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EGR reduces "knock"
although if you have too much overlap then you end up with a lot of fresh, hot exhaust trapped in the cylinder and you have a knock problem.
those "hot gases" are inert and do not support combustion , they reduce combustion pressure and by so doing reduce
Combustion Temperature
they absolutely do not cause "ping" or "knock"
they reduce it
they effectively reduce engine displacement by diluting the available combustion chamber size with inert gases , creating a kinda of a cushion of a compressible gas that does not combust inside the combustion chamber
they are EGR
having said that
cooler temperature EGR is better than hotter temperature EGR
for the reduction of
NOX
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