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Here is my data point on this.
My minivan has a flush fitting upper grill block When it is over 90F the ambient wind will raise the temp. Head wind and it will stay less than 198. Tail wind the temp will go up to 207F. I think the cooling fan comes on at it goes back to 200.
I moved the front license plate from partially in front of lower grill up to the front grill cover. Probably I exposed about 24 sq in. more grill. The engine now runs at 195 only touching 200 when coming into towns and then going back down to 195 as I accelerate to highway speed again.
If the ambient goes to 100F who knows.
I figure that running the fan causes the engine to need to generate another 1/4-1/2 hp considering the losses.
It is truly a balancing act to get enough air flow to the radiator but not so much that it more than you need. One of the tricks is to use air that would otherwise be wasted.
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