I rolled into town this morning,topped-off and came straight here to Copy-Pro to check in.Haven't been home yet,as I want to get an official weight for the T-100 as she was on the trip,then 'strip' her down to her speedway configuration and re-weigh her.
After the trip I have more questions than before I left,so I'll spend the next week doing some searches that I was told about to help me sort out the numbers.
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Some limited data for the trip:
*I never finished the 18-inch stinger,so I know nothing of its potential impact.
*I never even started the driver's side front wheel skirt.
*4-bellypan sections were missing.
*The taillight plex fairings were missing.
*Once I removed the wheel covers for tech inspection I never re-installed them.
*Once I upped the tire pressure to the required minimum 40 psi,I never reduced it back to Toyota recommendations for the remainder of the trip.
*I had a precision laser wheel alignment just before departure.
*I was a day late departing Denton and didn't get to Bonneville until the night of the 8th.
*2,949 miles at a maximum 75 mph (123 km/h) = 31.894 mpg
*worst 75 mph tank during a storm front in the Texas panhandle which killed an entire family over in Oklahoma= 29.244 mpg.
*best 75 mph tank (Albuquerque,NM-to-Salt Flats [733-miles])= 34.245 mpg.
*1,220 miles at maximum 65 mph (106 km/h)= ave. 36.586 mpg.
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From Bonneville:
*the 130 mph Club only got to run the 1-mile course,with a turnout at 1.75-miles.
*there was a 186-ft trap which gave an average velocity through the trap.
*my last 3 runs were accompanied by the Garmin GPS which provided maximum velocity to a 1 mph accuracy.
*I did 6 passes in total.
*Pass # 6(my last and fastest) was 105.17539mph (USFRA),105 mph (Garmin)
*I did not reach terminal velocity in the mile.
*rated horsepower for the engine is at 4,800 rpm.
*I was shifting at 5,500 rpm.
*On run# 6 I was at 4,800 rpm and accelerating when I had to back out of it.
*Had the engine reached 5,500 rpm as with the other gears,she would have attained 120 mph.
*My estimated top speed from the SAE drag/mpg method suggested 119 mph.
*I'll need to run at least the longer 150 MPH Club 2-mile course to find out.
*At 105 mph,the truck is 10-mph faster than the original top speed,with a 4,200 ft elevation penalty, increased rolling resistance of the salt,and inertial penalty of the streamlining package.
*Engine heat was a non-event.
*I ended up taping off half of Walter Korff's grille-block with dumpster-dived cardboard.
*I also taped and cardboard'd the gap between the hood blister trailing edge and windshield.
*Both these mods were on the two fastest runs but I can't say that they had any affect.The truck was 'warming up' on each successive run and power-train efficiency would have been increasing.My 'drag-racing' techniques were probably improving with each run as well.
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Comparative Data based on 'Track' conditions
*power-to-weight ratio similar to 1988 JEEP Grand Wagoneer
*drag factor similar to 1953 Porsche 550 Coupe
*speed (not top speed) similar(and not so) to the following published top speeds:
--- 1995 Nissan SE-V6 ,153 bhp-------------------------- 95 mph
--- 1953 Chevrolet Corvette,150 bhp---------------------- 105 mph
--- 1992 Dodge Dakota Sport,230 bhp--------------------- 105 mph
---1992 Ford Ranger XLT ,160 bhp------------------------- 105 mph
---1994 Ford Ranger 4WD ,160 bhp,------------------------ 103 mph (new) 104 mph (35,000 mi.)
---1993 Chev. SS454 , 255 bhp,---------------------------- 120 mph
---1982 Dodge Rampage,84 bhp,--------------------------- 103 mph
---1990 Mazda MPV,150 bhp,------------------------------- 104 mph
---1992 Mercury Villager LS,151bhp,----------------------- 105 mph
---1992 Dodge Rancharger Canyon Sport,230 bhp,-----------107 mph
---1990 Toyota 4Runner 4WD SR5 V6,150 bhp,----- ---------101 mph
---1991 Oldsmobile Bravada,160 bhp,----------------------- 99 mph
---1994 M-B Gelaendewagen,170,bhp----------------------- 99 mph
---1992 AM General HUMMER,150 bhp,----------------------- 71 mph
---1991 Mazda Navajo,155 bhp,-------------------- ---------104 mph
---1995 Chev.Cavalier LS Convertible,150 bhp,---------------- 106 mph
---1991 Chev. Suburban 1500 4X4 Silverado,210 bhp,---------104 mph
---1994 Isuzu Trooper,190 bhp,------------------------------ 105 mph
---2005 Hennessey Venom 800 Twin Turbo Ram SRT10,800 bhp,150 mph
---1989 Shelby Dakota ,175 bhp,----------------------------- 113 mph
---1994 Chev. Blazer LS,300 bhp,----------------------------- 133 mph
---1990 VW Tri Star Synchro Vanagon crew cab pickup,90 bhp- 78 mph
* fuel economy similar to Mazda Miata MX-5,2,210 lbs,CdA 6.725 sq-ft
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Comparative DRAG FACTORS:
*1992 'Side Effects' U.C.Davis -------------------- 0.0.49 m-sq (0.532 sq-ft)
*1981 ARVW ,VW---------------------------------- 0.122 m-sq (1.21 sq-ft)
*1995 'Intrepid Too',Cal Poly --------------------- 0.13 m-sq (1.398 sq-ft)
*1991 SWATCH solar racer,Biel Univ. ---------------- 0.14 m-sq (1.541 sq-ft)
*1960 'Challenger-1,Mickey Thompson,------------ 0.204 m-sq (2.203 sq-ft)
*1978 C-111 III,(full-tail)D-B,M-B----------------- 0.267 m-sq (2.878 sq-ft)
*1978 C-111 III,(no-tail) ------------------------ 0.356 m-sq (3.832 sq-ft)
*1996 EV 1 ,GM --------------------------------- 0.384 m-sq (4.134 sq-ft)
*1953 Porsche 550 Coupe ------------------------ 0.41 m-sq (4.416 sq-ft)
*1994 T-100 ,ITworks (2012 USFRA W.O.S.) ++++++ 0.43 m-sq (4.628 sq-ft)
*1964 Porsche 904 Carrera GTS ------------------- 0.435 m-sq (4.688 sq-ft)
*1980 VW 2000 ----------------------------------- 0.47 m-sq (5.059 sq-ft)
*1938 Schl'o'r Car -------------------------------- 0.473 m-sq (5.092 sq-ft)
*1950 Porsche 356A ----------------------------- 0.546 m-sq (5.894 sq-ft)
*1969 OPEL GT ---------------------------------- 0.619 m-sq (6.667 sq-ft)
*1989 Miata MX-5,Mazda ------------------------- 0.625 m-sq (6.726 sq-ft)
*1962 XKE Jaguar (est) -------------------------- 0.673 m-sq (7.246 sq-ft)
*1938 Everling Car,D-B 170 ---------------------- 0.694 m-sq (7.474 sq-ft)
*2010 Mini Cooper S Clubman -------------------- 0.772 m-sq (8.307 sq-ft)
*1939 Kamm K-5,FKFS --------------------------- 0.802 m-sq (8.646 sq-ft)
*1964 Beetle,VW --------------------------------- 0.827 m-sq (8.903 sq-ft)
*1975 Standard U.S.A.production car (ave.) --------1.17 m-sq (12.6 sq-ft)
*1994 T-100,Toyota ----------------------------- 1.18 m-sq (12.727 sq-ft)
*2006 Tahoe,Chevrolet --------------------------- 1.24 m-sq (13.4 sq-ft)
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Free HORSEPOWER (prestadigitation):
I crunched some numbers and came up with an equivalent horsepower which the streamlining adds.
Background:
* Between 'standard' air density and pavement,and the salt flat surface and density altitude at Bonneville,cars pay a top speed penalty.
*I experienced this first in 1990 with the CRX,falling from 93 mph,to 89.6 mph top speed for the 'stock' car.A 3.794% loss in speed.
*This year,I watched 130 mph Mazda-3s struggle to 113 mph.
*139 mph turbo-charged Mini Coopers struggle to 130 mph,with taped over nose and ice-packed inter-cooler.
*It's reasonable to expect that the T-100 would behave the same as the CRX,doing at least 109 mph on pavement,with standard air density.
*If so,it would require an additional 38.7 bhp for the original T-100 to reach this equivalent speed.
*Or we could say that the addition of the streamlining package is the equivalent of installing a 188 bhp engine under the hood.
*A 25% power increase out of thin air.
*Presto-chango!
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RANGE and streamlining
*the original T-100 returned 23.3 mpg for steady 70 mph highway driving.(205,000-mile baseline)
*with the 24-gallon tank it had a range (to fuel starvation) of 559 miles.
*with the streamlining package,the fuel economy is up to 34.0 mpg at 70 mph.
*At this mpg,the range is now 816 miles 'til she sucks air.
*The streamlining package is allowing an additional 257 miles range per tank at 70 mph.
*At 65 mph,the range is 878 miles.
*at 55 mpg,range is predicted at 960 miles.
*at 50 mph,1,044 miles.
*This is at a 4,320-lb travel weight.
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Nothing fell off!
I did lose a battery cell and was down to 10.96-VDC.At the Wal-Mart in Toole,Utah,they gave me a new $83.00 battery,prorated,for $38.00.Other than that,the trip was trouble-free.
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On the way to my brother's I stopped in Battle Mountain and got to visit with the IHPV folks.A tandem had set a world record that day at I believe, 71-mph,and a trike set a record at 67 mph.
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On the way back I caught a couple of hours back at Bonneville,for Mike Cook's Shootout.The Poteet-Main 'Speed Demon' ran 428-mph,then backed it up with a 411-mph run for a world record of 419.776-mph.That was at 8,100 rpm and 30-psi of boost on the turbo.
The rev-limiter is set at 8,800 rpm and the turbo is good for 42-psi of boost.After USAC (officiating for FIA) did their impound measurements,the crew was going to see about running the car flat-out.I'll have to read about that.
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I'm gonna sign off for now and catch up on EcoModder posts.I'll do some homework and report more next Saturday.It's good to be almost home!
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SPEEDWAY DATA:
Elevation 4,092 feet above sea level
Latitude 40-degrees North
Local Acceleration Due to Gravity 32.1578 feet per second squared
Meteorological Data for Sept.10,2012 (provided by Rick Gold ERC Racing Fuels/Engine Research Co.)
Barometer 25.76"Hg
Dry Bulb Temp 83 F
Wet Bulb Temp 62 F
Relative Humidity 33%
Vapor Pressure 0.375"Hg
Pressure Altitude 4,092 feet
Density Altitude 5,600 feet
Air Correction Factor 81.2%
Air Density 0.0019309 slugs
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T-100 as 'raced'
Length 245.1 inches
Width 75.2 inches
Height 66.276 inches
Frontal Projected Area 29.419 square-feet (estimated)
*Frontal area from photo-enlargement of Toyota provided front elevation graphic broken into 47-dicreet geometric elements = 28.925 square feet (includes both mirrors).
Coefficient of aerodynamic drag Cd 0.135 (est. from GM's SAE MPG/Cd relationship)
*Coefficient of aerodynamic drag if factored for high-altitude,5,600 foot density altitude-corrected air density = approx. Cd 0.16 (a simplistic Educated W.A.G.)
Drag Factor 3.971 square-feet
*Drag Factor based on amended Cd= 4.628 square-feet (0.430 square- meters
Fineness Ratio 3.698
Effective Fineness Ratio 1.849
Cooling Inlet Area 81.34 square-inches (through Sept.10,2012)
Cooling Inlet Area 40.67 square-inches (track-modified Sept.11,2012)
Curb Weight 3,800 pounds
Weight with Driver 3,980 pounds
Weight Distribution:Front 50.75%/Rear 49.25%
Engine Power available 121.8 bhp
Power Available at drive wheel 112.05 horsepower
Power-to-weight ratio 1 hp/35.517 pounds
Highest velocity attained 105.17539 MPH in the mile(@4,800 rpm)
0-105.175 MPH in 51.3426 seconds
Gear selection at end of each pass, 4th-gear
Tires Hankook RA07 P215/70R15 H-rated
Inflation Pressure (all) 40 psi
Revolutions/Mile 751.129
Rear Axle Ratio 3.62:1
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I graphed the latest MPG figures.
It looks like the truck will do 40 mpg at about 57 mph.
29.5 mpg @ 80 mph
25 mpg @ 89 mph
This is for a 'travel' 4,320-pounds all-up weight.
She'll do a little better with everything back on,and with the final additions.
It should be no difficulty for the auto makers to achieve the highway portion of the upcoming 2025 CAFE standards using off-the-shelf technology as the T-100 is demonstrating.
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I'll try for a image from the Salt Flats
next time
