I think Argonne Labs is approaching 60% efficiency with a mostly conventional otto cycle engine. I think it should be obvious that when you start throttling any engine to control speed in a vehicle, you can forget any efficiency in even half that range, which is why vehicles will neeed high efficiency capacitive energy storage and IVT transmissions to separate the engine from directly powering the vehicle.
Once this is accomplished all energy consuming primary power sources will be able to provide power to drive the vehicle.
regards
Mech
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