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The #1 and #2 things you can do to lower your heating bill are, in no particular order,
a) Insulate your basement walls. Have a professional do it with 2" of spray foam. The time and labor expense is worth it, because you don't have to build cavities to hold spray foam, and it air seals the sill area. Spray on the inside to two feet below exterior grade.
b) Air seal. Use caulk, foam, and carpentry. Use sheet metal and high temp caulk to close up the area around the chimney. Search out plumbing and electrical penetrations where small pipes and wires go through larger holes. Seal up open wall tops in the attic. Seal up the basement bulkhead door with an insulated, air tight inner hatch system. Seal the openings to plumbing chases that connect to the attic or exterior walls. Make a tight fitting hatch to the attic, insulate it with foam board, give it a gasket to seal against, and latches to hold it tight to the seal.
Which one of these is most important depends on the house, but it's usually one of them.
Attic vents are supposedly to get rid of moisture in the attic. Why is there moisture there to begin with? Stop the flow of warm moist air from inside the house into the attic, then seal up soffit vents. Beware of moisture when air sealing, but it's worth fixing moisture issues and then air sealing, even if you have to install a full moisture membrane across the whole damp basement floor. Use kitchen and bath exhaust fans. Make sure they vent to the outside.
Also beware of fiberglass. It's good for rodent housing and furnace filters and little else. It's effectiveness depends a lot on how it's installed, and a poor installation can loose you 3/4 of the insulation value. Blown fiberglass never settles and will forever allow convection loops to steal your heat. It is impossible to install fiberglass well in a truss roof attic. Use cellulose in attics and cavities. Cavities require a professional high pressure dense-pack blowing machine, so hire that job out. Use spray foam where the cost of building a cavity outweighs the cost of the foam.
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