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In 4 cylinder engines of over 2.4 liters the force of the first and last pistons combustion can develop a rocking motion in the engine from front to rear. This is due to the portion of the energy that actually moves the engine block in the opposite direction of the pistons.
I think it was Mitsubishi who developed the countershafts, typically spinning at twice engine speed that counteract that force.
Basically the reason fewer pistons is more efficient, is the physics of the area of a circle.
Pie R squared. The greater the radius the exponentially greater the area.
regards
Mech
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