The addition of my holset turbocharger boosted my mpg by 2 to 2.5 mpg and gave me tons of power.
The addition of my second turbocharger and intercooler added less than 1 mpg (more like a half MPG), it did not hurt MPGs but did increase drive ability.
They may hurt the diesel engine efficiency by its self but the over all system efficiency is higher.
You can get better MPGs from mods that give you more power, bigger free flowing intake or ram air intake will boost power and wont hurt MPGs (unless its very cold out). Big straight pipe exhaust on a turbodiesel helps too. A bigger more freely flowing shorter over all length exhaust did not appear to help MPGs back when I was running N/A and I wasn't expecting it to.
A turbocharger that has a 20 or 30 year newer design wont hurt anything.
I turned up my injector pump rate screw back in 2008 and MPGs were unchanged so long as I kept my foot out of it.
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1984 chevy suburban, custom made 6.5L diesel turbocharged with a Garrett T76 and Holset HE351VE, 22:1 compression 13psi of intercooled boost.
1989 firebird mostly stock. Aside from the 6-speed manual trans, corvette gen 5 front brakes, 1LE drive shaft, 4th Gen disc brake fbody rear end.
2011 leaf SL, white, portable 240v CHAdeMO, trailer hitch, new batt as of 2014.
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