The variations of CVT that I can recall how it is done (at least sort of) are DAF and snowmobiles, which use a centrifugal clutch to engage the drive. The other - Nissan? or Ford/FIAT? - which uses an electromagnetic powder that locks solid when an electric current passes through it to connect engine and trans. together.
At a guess, some may use a conventional torque converter, probably with a lock up clutch or maybe just the clutch part like the internal clutches in an epicyclic transmission.
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