If I am not mistaken the O2 sensor tells the computer the end result of the combustion so it will make better decision on how much fuel to put on the next cycle, on most cars 0 volt signal is lean and 1 volt means rich mixture.
IMO if the air filter is clogged the O2 sensor will send rich signal most of the time, therefore the computer will try to reduce the fuel amount that will cause performance issues along with FE reduction. again this just my opinion and I am still lurking and learning here.
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