In that graph, NOx starts coming down, but HC (hydrocarbons, or gasoline) start going up because of misfiring.
I'm not exactly sure where that graph comes from. I believe its from a Toyota paper. Its obviously from some engine, and an engine designed for lean burn obviously isn't going to misfire at 18:1. So, you may be right, but we can't really know for sure because we don't have details on it.
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