And I'm going to try to answer the other question: Does the use of helium change any interesting tire characteristics?
I think the answer is "No!" Whatever the inflation medium is (short of something corrosive to rubber), it would have little effect in the way a tire operates. The only thing that might have an effect is thermal conductivity - and for an inflation medium, conducting heat away from the tire and into the rest of the air chamber is a fraction of the heat loss, and likely wouldn't have a large affect on the overall heat loss.
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