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The free power in the exhaust comes from the pulses, which you need a very unrestricted turbine to capture efficiently. Turbochargers by design create some restriction, which is intended to allow the pumping action of the engine to power the turbine. This is so that you actually get boost in a reasonable amount of time.
You can definitely turbocompound a car engine, the problem is that car engines run at low loads. Plane engines run at high loads which is why they're very effective there. The turbogenerator would only make small amounts of power when you're really on the gas, and I don't think it's really worth the cost and effort. On a car that's already turbocharged, if you use a larger turbine housing you get something to the same effect; less restriction and more efficiency, but boost would come on slower, and you would end up with less boost at lower engine speed.
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