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Map is load. Best bfsc is about 80% of atmospheric pressure (generally 27-30 inches of mercury) in a range of RPM generally between 1500 and 2700 rpm. That can vary greatly from huge displacement low rpm diesels to ultra high output racing gasoline engines.
Hold the throttle perfectly steady and you could calculate the grade your are on by the change in map due to the load increasing and decreasing as your load changes because of the grade changes, even without moving the throttle. Also by the change in speed of the vehicle itself.
edit; of course disregarding many other potential variables in aero drag,rolling resistance, and gear selection, plus many others.
regards
mech
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