here is another ES post, I've read a fair bit of liveforphysics stuff, he *seems* to understand it pretty well.
https://endless-sphere.com/forums/vi...=25136#p362983
Quote:
Recirculating currents (sometimes called winding circulating current, or a few other names) are due to the inherent imbalance of induced potential inside the conductor loop created by the winding termination. This creates an inherent voltage imbalance between one side of the loop to the other, and since they share termination points (hence making the loop), they have internal closed system current flow inside this loop that changes every time the motor has a change in magnet-tooth position. Depending on the motor wind/design, this current can change from being so extremely mild it would be almost impossible to notice in a practical application (like under <1% efficiency) to something in an extreme effect that makes 10-15% difference in efficiency (but you would pretty much have to optimize a motor around maximizing circulating current losses to get it that bad.)
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