In certain circumstances, such as when an engine would be deemed underpowered if fitted in naturally-aspirated form into a large vehicle, turbocharging actually improves the efficiency regardless of fuel system, be it a carburettor or an EFI.
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Originally Posted by Stubby79
As has been mentioned, lower compression ratio, plus richer fuel ratio to keep combustion chamber temps down are the main factors. But they can get around these with direct injection these days...examples being GM's 1.4l turbo ecotec engine and VW TDI engines.
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I guess you mean the VW 1.4 TSI, not the TDI. But anyway, detonation is not so much of an issue nowadays for those newer turbocharged engines fitted with direct injection as it used to be for port-injection engines.