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Another method OEMs have used is flowing more EGR into the intake. To get the amount needed, they typically have to cool it down. The newer Prius (2010+) and some of the Mazda skyactiv engines are already using this in addition to the atkinson stuff. IMO it should be retrofitable to older engines, but tuning is necessary, and obviously the engines aren't designed for it. It has some of the draw backs of lean burn in that a less air dense charge is harder to ignite and the flame propagates slower I would imagine.
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