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Even through 10-gauge wires, the lithium battery can fire a short burst of current, for 1-2 seconds, as needed for a jump start. But not through diodes on the wire, these have to go away.
Inside there are 3 x 3.7 volts lithium batteries, as used on tablets and bigger smartphones, wired in series. They can give, depending on size, 3900 to 8000 mAh (less than nominal, 5800 to 12000 mAh).
Lithium batteries can discharge in one burst, like a supercapacitor. This is one of the reasons they are so dangerous and catch fire so easily. Sluggish lead-acid batteries can't put out the needed amps quick enough.
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