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Originally Posted by Wikipedia
The simple machine, consisting of a tiny paddle wheel and a ratchet, appears to be an example of a Maxwell's demon, able to extract useful work from random fluctuations (heat) in a system at thermal equilibrium in violation of the second law of thermodynamics.
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An [non-theoretical] example of a Maxwell's demon, theRanque-Hilsch vortex tube:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vortex_tube
Separation of a compressed gas into a hot stream and a cold stream
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