I've been wrong before, but...
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Drag and Lift Forces
It is interesting to note that the cooling duct of case 3 has a positive effect on both the mass flow rate but also on the drag whereas the duct of case 4 only reduces drag slightly. As can be seen in figure 27 the cooling duct of case 3 decreases the drag by 8.7% or 51 drag counts over the baseline. It is, however interesting to note that the largest drag reduction come from removing the sealing in case 2. The drag reduction is close to 10% or 56 drag counts. This reduction happens as the flow passes around the sides of the radiator and is injected into the wake as previously mentioned.
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