Often A/F ratios are limited by how emission systems work so I wouldn't say the Prius is optimized for economy without adding within emission rules. I personally feel the catalytic converter is a part that should be reconsidered a mandate, as well as certain types of emissions being all that terrible across the board. What does controlling NOX at such a high standard do to other pollution. One day we might find 100 years of catalytic converter use has created a superfund site on the side of every single interstate highway with heavy metal contamination. Meanwhile smog hasn't been a thing in 50 years and we burned a billion extra gallons a fuel to keep our converters hot.
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