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The latest supercapacitors on the market are not capable of thousands of volts. In fact, they have a very low voltage capability closer to 2.5-2.8v. Furthermore, combining them in series to boost voltage severely reduces overall capacitance.
They are able to be both charged and discharged extremely rapidly since they operate on static electricity rather than chemistry. There's no point in charging a supercap rapidly and then slowly charging a battery, since you could simply store the energy in the supercap and forego the losses associated with chemically charging a battery.
I'm not holding my breath on "solid state" batteries because the current ones have pathetic storage per volume and cost a fortune. The technology would need to get thousands of times better while not increasing price by much.
... and there are plenty of battery technologies being researched besides solid state and silicon. I have a buddy that studies lithium-ion chemistry, for example.
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