Your questions are rather large in scope, and I'm having a difficult time addressing them.
I think in form and 3D, not so much numbers so perhaps others can get all technical with you.
1. What is your tow vehicle?
2. What is your trailer base?
From there we have parameters, and a problem to solve.
Define the scope of the design, then solve.
For instance, assuming you start with some sort of trailer base, selecting a lighter one for camping verses one for towing heavy equipment or cars will be a weight savings, and that translates into fuel savings.
I have no idea where a "Tiny Home" trailer base would fall in this, I didn't even know firms were marketing for it until I found the below today.
https://www.tinyhomebuilders.com/tiny-house-trailers
Quote:
Save time and money by buying a trailer specifically designed for your tiny house. Tiny Home Builders trailers are designed by people that build tiny houses, and we have taken every step to make that job as fast, safe, and as easy as possible.
Our tiny house trailers are designed with safety in mind. The last thing you want to do is build your house on a trailer that is either undersized or that does not allow for the house to be securely attached to it. Our trailers are built to the heavy-duty standards that tiny houses require and allow for the maximum number of connection points between the house and the trailer, ensuring that the two stay safely bonded together for the life of your home.
Our trailers come ready to build on, requiring none of the prep that normally needs to be done on a standard equipment trailer. Best of all, they don’t cost any more than an equipment trailer. Simply stated, our trailers are the best trailer to build a tiny house on.
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Maybe you can make the world's first Aerodynamic Tiny House?
I've played around with such a design, but it was really more of a houseboat that catamaran sponsons could be added to and the houseboat removed from the heavy travel/tow frame.
You might want to mention the materials your camper trailer will be built out of, what you feel more comfortable with, be it aluminum or composites. Reason being some shapes will be easier/harder or cheaper/expensive based on the materials properties.
Anyways, that's where I would start, from the foundation up.
As I understand it aircraft are often designed around a specific power plant, so starting with the most important part and building from there is certainly one method.
I know that my for fun trailer designs on grid paper changed when I went from a 4-cylinder Geo Tracker, to a V6 Chevy S10, and will change again if I get a V8 F-150.
The width and height may not have changed much in my designs, but the length certainly has. And that greatly affects the coefficient of drag and overall program or capability of the design.