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An imperial gallon is 10 pounds of water at standard temp and pressure, a scientific basis. The US gallon was the imperial gallon before they made it based on science. The UK changed it while the newly formed US just kept the old standard. I'm sure games were played everywhere as there had to be thousands of old barrels and containers all over the world marked with the smaller gallons still sold as a "gallon" as it was the new gallon that was bigger.
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