Agreed, and I anticipate an increasing share of non-hydrocarbon based energy in the future, but we're not there yet, and not even close.
I don't know what the difference between exemption and pass is, especially given that no nation has a binding agreement. Perhaps I misunderstand, that the IPCC has recommended binding agreements and also to grant exemptions to nations not meeting a certain level of per capita wealth parity?
Reading between the lines, it sounds more like a wealth redistribution scheme than a save the world scheme. The climate doesn't care if the emitters are 1st world or not.
I'd have a hard time as a voluntary member of armed forces to attack a country for refusing to honor their environmental agreements, though I suspect that is unlikely. More likely would be economic sanctions.
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