[kach22i]

Originally Posted by aerohead

If one wishes to induce direct downforce by means of a rear spoiler, for high-speed operation, then this is recommended practice. Or one may simply build downforce into the car's sheetmetal, as with the new, 2021, Maserati MC20 supercar.

If there is a better reference article, someone please post it.

Maserati MC20 Refined Aerodynamics
https://www.invetr.com/dynamics-and-...d-aerodynamics

Maserati Innovation Lab engineers achieve these goals with the aid of state-of-the-art engineering techniques in both simulations and test methods:

Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)
Used in all development phases, it allows testing of multiple geometrical configurations in short times, monitoring a large number of physical parameters through complete analysis of the flow field.

Full size wind tunnel (FCA Orbassano)
Used in the detailed design phase, it reproduces the motion of the real air flow around the vehicle, enabling optimisation of even small-size components.

Scale wind tunnel (Dallara)
Used in the preliminary design phase, it supplies initial experimental feedback and guides development along the correct lines through in-depth analysis of aerodynamics in various vehicle configurations.