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stagnation.............. worse
In 1986, FIAT ( SAE Paper 860212 ) did a wind tunnel examination of a large-scale model under many different configurations.
This car's cooling system drag was measured @ Cd 0.017. However, with a 100% grille-block, drag was only reduced by Cd 0.003.
By closing off the grille, upper-body drag was increased for this particular vehicle, limiting drag reduction witnessed on different vehicles.
Which brings us back to the argument about case-specific dynamics. There's just no way in advance, that one could anticipate what any given modification might do to the drag.
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