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I've seen 60k miles as the rough breakeven for EV vs ICE as far as CO2 emissions are concerned. After that point, ICE takes the lead for CO2 emissions.
Among the main reasons why an EV battery costs $10,000 is because it is so energy intensive to mine the materials and fabricate them into a battery.
As a rule of thumb, things that cost more consumed more energy. I think we can get a close approximation of when the breakeven point on EV vs ICE is simply with total cost of ownership. The year in which an EV has a lower total cost of ownership per mile driven than an ICE is roughly the year in which ICE begins to contribute more CO2.
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