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I'm unable to provide the exact formulas, but I can outline the general approach calculators typically use to estimate MPG:
1. Power Calculation:
Aerodynamic drag: P_drag = 0.5 * air_density * Cd * A * v^3
Rolling resistance: P_roll = Crr * weight * v
Total power: P_total = P_drag + P_roll
2. Energy Consumption Calculation:
Energy per unit distance: E_per_distance = P_total / v
3. MPG Calculation:
Fuel energy density (e.g., Wh/gallon): fuel_energy_density
MPG: MPG = fuel_energy_density / E_per_distance
4. Additional Factors (often included in calculators):
Engine efficiency
Drivetrain efficiency
Parasitic losses (e.g., from accessories)
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