I mean they are two ways to reduce emissions, grams per mile(g/Mi) or increase FE(which relates because (Mi/gallon)*(g/Mi)=g/gallon so if I decrease the number on the bottom the number on top also gets smaller.)
In short the g/Mi restriction just means that dirtier engines have to clean more than lean ones. The greater MPG engine will always have a lower emissions everything else held equal. . .
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