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Old 07-14-2022, 05:42 PM   #1 (permalink)
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Patek Philippe/ wall clock Go NoGo

This has been discussed long ago.
All dimpled golf ball aft-bodies experience flow separation at 22-degrees 'downslope.'
And with flow from left to right, their 'noses,' from 9:00 O'clock, to 12:00 o'clock are perfectly adequate for subsonic, fully-attached forebody flow.
22-degrees aft-body occurs at 5-seconds, or five minutes past 12:00.
A simple 'template' for three-dimensional flow may be constructed from the 'nose' of a Patek Philippe Calatrava analog wristwatch, and the 'aft-body' of a standard 12-inch analog wall clock.
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As viewed, free-stream flow approaches from left to right.
The forward point of stagnation occurs at exactly 9:00 O'clock.
A Prandtl-Lanchester surface of discontinuity forms upwards ( also downwards ) with the nearest streamline filament accelerating upwards, traveling over the arc of the nose into an extremely favorable pressure gradient of lowering pressure.
At 12:00-high, the flow is essentially at maximum velocity and minimum pressure, and is poised to diverge along the constricting cross section it's facing.
As the flow reaches beyond 'Noon', it's now moving towards an adverse pressure gradient of increasing pressure, as it slows and recovers pressure along the diminishing cross-section.
At 5-seconds 'after,' ( 22-degrees ) the magnitude of the pressure rise overwhelms the turbulent boundary layer, flow reverses direction, rolls up into eddies, then lifts off the surface completely, as full separation, never to touch it again.
All the kinetic energy of the newly created turbulent wake is converted to thermal heat, and, and given enough distance, viscous attrition from aerodynamic shearing forces will eventually wear the turbulence down to zero.
This has been demonstrated since Ludwig Prandtl demonstrated it in the wind tunnel in 1907, as a function of Reynolds number boundary-layer theory.
In mirror-image, this 'ice cream cone' shape demonstrated the lowest drag form tested by Alexander Gustav Eiffel at his famous tower in 1910.

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