[cfg83]

naturalextraction -

Originally Posted by naturalextraction

cfg83, I couldn't get the pdf to come up. Catipillar has tried the same to no avail. So a chemist, Dan Gunnerson, (working for Cat.) patented a chemical solution that would better emulsify water and diesel for an extended period of time. This I've seen private videos on with a D-9 demonstrating the clean exhausting gasses. However, same deal, the project hasn't gone anywhere since 1999. No clue.

Rats. I just got it to come up on Google Chrome and Internet Explorer. It's a 1.8 MB PDF with these version specs :

PDF Producer: Acrobat Distiller 8.1.0 (Windows)
PDF Version: 1.4 (Acrobat 5.x)

I have Adobe Reader 8. Anyway, here's the summary from the paper :

6.7 Summary

The effect of H2 addition, engine load, engine speed and diesel fuel flow rate on the
performance, combustion, and exhaust emissions of a 2004 Mack MD11 diesel engine has been experimentally investigated without modifying the engine control and fuel injection
strategies. Following are a brief summary based on the results obtained in this research:

• The addition of H2 into this diesel engine reduced the emissions of PM. The extent of reduction in PM emissions depended on the amount of H2 added and engine load. With the addition of H2 up to 7.5% at 10%-70% load, the maximum PM reduction of 65% to 80% were obtained. The PM emissions measured using the 13-mode emissions cycle were reduced by 17.5% and 27.5% for the H2 addition of 2% and 4%, respectively.

• When measured using the 13-mode ESC emission cycle, the addition of 2% H2 into the intake mixture was found to have negligible effect on NOx emissions. The addition of 4% H2 was shown to increase NOx emissions by 3.96%.

• The examined at low load, addition of H2 was shown to have small effect on NOx emissions with the exception of 10% load with a relatively large amount of H2 addition (>4%), which reduced the NOx emissions accompanied with a substantial deterioration in the brake thermal efficiency (-6.9%-2.9% with H2 addition of 4%-7.5%).

• When operated at medium to high load (30%-70%) operation, the addition of a small amount of H2 (<3-5%) was shown to slightly reduce the emissions of NOx. The addition of a relatively large amount of H2 (>3% for 50% load and >5% for 30% and 70% load) increased the emissions of NOx. When operated at full load, the addition of H2 was shown to have negligible effect on NOx emissions with the addition of H2 up to 5% tested in this research.

• The addition of H2 reduced substantially the emissions of CO when operated at low to medium load. When operated at high load, the addition of small amount of H2 increased the emissions of CO with its maximum value observed at 4% H2. Increasing the amount of H2 beyond 4% reduced substantially the emissions of CO. When measured using the 13-mode ESC cycle, the addition of 2% H2 into the diesel engine was shown to reduce CO emissions by 2.7%. The addition of 4% H2 increased CO emissions by 8%.

• The addition of H2 reduced the emissions of HC with the exception of 10% load operation. When operated at 10% load, the addition of H2 less than 5% had a negligible effect on the emissions of HC. The addition H2 beyond 5% reduced substantially the emissions of HC. When measured using the 13-mode ESC emission cycle, the addition of 2% H2 increased HC emissions by 8.2%. The addition of 4% H2 had a negligible effect on HC emissions.

• The addition of a relatively small amount of H2 lowered the brake thermal efficiency. The desirable positive effect of H2 in improving the brake thermal efficiency was obtained with the addition of H2 at relatively large amounts.

• The experimental data demonstrated the presence of the minimum limit to obtain a positive effect on the brake thermal efficiency. Such a limit increased with the reduction in engine load. The addition of a small amount of H2 into diesel engine was not recommended especially at low load operation.

• With the addition of 6% H2 in the intake air, the improvement to the brake thermal efficiency was found to be 1%-4% for 20%-70% load operation, which is much lower than the 14-4% improvement in the brake thermal efficiency of the 1999 Cummins ISM370 diesel engine for 15% -70% load operation.

• The exhaust emissions of H2 at low load operation could be a safety issue. The maximum H2 emission of 1.4% (dry) was obtained with the addition of 6% H2 at 10% load operation. The emissions of H2 can be dramatically reduced with the increase in engine load.

• The addition of H2 to the diesel engine was found to significantly affect the combustion process including the peak cylinder pressure, combustion phasing, and peak heat release rate. When added at large amounts under high load, a featured three-stage combustion process of H2-diesel dual fuel engine can be observed.

CarloSW2