Friend of mine sent me these pics & comment about his Garmin Nuvi GPS.
Quote:
... uses your EPA highway and city fuel consumption figures and gives a running estimate of your trip fuel use. It also uses the current gas price that you give it to calculate approximate fuel cost as you drive along. If behavior is to change, I think instant feedback is a good way. I like your comment that minimizing fuel consumption as you drive can be as much fun as playing a video game.
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I believe he's installed the feature called "ecoRoute":
Garmin | ecoRoute™
Sounds to me like it uses either an accelerometer or calculates rate of acceleration to provide instant feedback for the driving challenge.
Fuel consumption is probably calculated based on vehicle speed and the most appropriate EPA estimate is applied.